Introduction

No city remains the same as when first founded. Just as people come and go, the form and function of a city are constantly changing according to the demands of the time. Newcastle upon Tyne is an excellent example of this.

The first known occupation of Newcastle was by the invading Roman army, who built Pons Aelius - a bridge across the Tyne and an associated fort - in the 2nd century. The castle from which the city took its name was constructed after the Norman Conquest, on the site of the Roman fort.

Newcastle quickly became a wealthy port, due to the export of locally mined coal. This prosperity lasted well into the Industrial Revolution when the Tyne was lined with foundries and factories, most of which have disappeared as the city continues to evolve.